Twenty-five Years of Lung Transplantation in Medellín: Overcoming the Challenges of an Emerging Country.

The first successful lung transplant in Colombia was performed on October 28, 1997 in Medellín by Alberto Villegas Hernández at the "Clínica Cardiovascular Santa María" today called the Cardio VID Clinic. Here we present both survival outcomes and characteristics of the oldest and most experienced lung transplant program in Colombia. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients taken to lung transplantation at the Cardio VID Clinic in Medellín, Colombia from October 1997 to October 2022. Patient information from our institutional database and transplant archives were retrieved and reviewed. From October 1997 to October 2022, a total of 153 patients underwent orthotopic lung transplantation at our institution in Medellín, Colombia. Mean recipient age was 48±13 years, the youngest patient was 15 years old and the oldest patient was 73 years old at the time of transplant. 74 (48,4%) patients were men and 79 (51,6%) were women. Lung transplant survival in Medellin at 1-month, 1-year, 5-years and 10-years were 68%, 50%, 31% and 12% respectively. Although health care coverage in Colombia reaches nearly 100%, socioeconomic hurdles during post-transplant care, non-returning patients, infections and traumatic donor deaths lead to high mortality rates. Due to these factors, establishing successful and sustainable lung transplant programs in these settings is challenging.

Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation and emergency C-section for a pregnant COVID-19 positive patient.

INTRODUCTION: Data on extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy for pregnant patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection are limited. Here we report a case of an emergency cesarean section performed while the COVID-19 positive mother was on ECMO support. CASE REPORT: A 36-year-old COVID-19 positive patient at 26 weeks gestational age presented with respiratory failure requiring extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. Nine days later fetal distress demanded an emergency C-section. After 5 weeks on ECMO, the patient was weaned off. Both mother and child were discharged. DISCUSSION: The decision to perform an urgent C-section is one that requires meticulous thought from the attending team. Pulmonary maturation is key as pregnancy may need to be terminated at any time during ECMO. CONCLUSION: Data on ECMO support for pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection are scarce. Best results can be achieved ensuring adequate anticoagulation, meticulous choice of cannulas, continued fetal monitoring, early lung maturation, and precision timing of delivery.

Brain Shift and Pneumocephalus Assessment During Frame-Based Deep Brain Stimulation Implantation With Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

BACKGROUND: Brain shift and pneumocephalus are major concerns regarding deep brain stimulation (DBS). OBJECTIVE: To report the extent of brain shift in deep structures and pneumocephalus in intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Twenty patients underwent bilateral DBS implantation in an MRI suite. Volume of pneumocephalus, duration of procedure, and 6 anatomic landmarks (anterior commissure, posterior commissure, right fornix [RF], left fornix [LF], right putaminal point, and left putaminal point) were measured. RESULTS: Pneumocephalus varied from 0 to 32 mL (median = 0.6 mL). Duration of the procedure was on average 195.5 min (118-268 min) and was not correlated with the amount of pneumocephalus. There was a significant posterior displacement of the anterior commissure (mean = -1.1 mm, P < .001), RF (mean = -0.6 mm, P < .001), LF (mean = -0.7 mm, P < .001), right putaminal point (mean = -0.9 mm, P = .001), and left putaminal point (mean = -1.0 mm, P = .001), but not of the posterior commissure (mean = 0.0 mm, P = .85). Both RF (mean = -.7 mm, P < .001) and LF (mean = -0.5 mm, P < .001) were posteriorly displaced after a right-sided burr hole. There was a correlation between anatomic landmarks displacement and pneumocephalus after 2 burr holes (rho = 0.61, P = .007), but not after 1 burr hole (rho = 0.16, P = .60). CONCLUSION: Better understanding of how pneumocephalus displaces subcortical structures can significantly enhance our intraoperative decision making and overall targeting strategy.

Manifestaciones inusuales del feocromocitoma: Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Unusual manifestations of phaeochromocytoma: A case report and a review of the literature

El feocromocitoma es un tumor de baja prevalencia que se origina en las células cromafines de la médula de las glándulas suprarrenales. Estos tumores como el tejido simpático normal se originan del neuroectodermo. La tríada clásica de presentación clínica es: hipertensión que puede ser persistente, paroxística o fluctuante, cefalea grave pulsátil acompañada de náuseas y/o vómito y palpitaciones con taquicardia o bradicardia refleja; pero también se pueden presentar un gran número de síntomas debido al exceso de catecolaminas plasmáticas, llegando incluso a producir un síndrome coronario agudo. Su diagnóstico se realiza por medio de la clínica (para la cual se requiere un alto grado de sospecha), el laboratorio y la imagenología. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica del tumor por laparoscopia o cirugía abierta.

A phaeochromocytoma is a tumour of low prevalence that originates in the chromaffin cells of the medulla of the adrenal glands. These tumours, like normal sympathetic tissue, originate from neuroectoderm. The classic triad of clinical findings are: hypertension that can be persistent, paroxysmal or fluctuating, severe throbbing headache accompanied by nausea and/or vomiting, and palpitations with tachycardia or reflex bradycardia. It can also present with a myriad of symptoms due to the excess of plasma catecholamines, even producing an acute coronary syndrome. Diagnosis is made through the clinical (for which requires a high degree of suspicion), laboratory, and imaging findings. The treatment is surgical resection of the tumour by laparoscopy or open surgery.